Child mortality in Nigeria refers to the number of deaths among children under the age of five per 1,000 live births. Nigeria has historically faced significant challenges in reducing child mortality rates, although progress has been made in recent years. Several factors contribute to child mortality in Nigeria, including poverty, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited access to clean water and sanitation, malnutrition, and infectious diseases. Here is an overview of child mortality in Nigeria:
- Child Mortality Rate: Nigeria has had a high child mortality rate compared to global averages. According to the World Bank, as of 2019, the under-five mortality rate in Nigeria was 100 deaths per 1,000 live births. This means that approximately one in ten children in Nigeria dies before their fifth birthday.
- Causes of Child Mortality: The leading causes of child mortality in Nigeria are preventable diseases and conditions such as malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, malnutrition, and neonatal complications. These causes are often exacerbated by factors like limited access to healthcare, low immunization coverage, and poor nutrition.
- Healthcare System: Nigeria faces challenges in providing adequate healthcare services, particularly in rural areas. There is a shortage of well-equipped healthcare facilities, skilled healthcare professionals, and essential medications. Limited access to healthcare services hampers the timely diagnosis and treatment of childhood illnesses, contributing to higher child mortality rates.
- Malnutrition: Malnutrition is a significant contributor to child mortality in Nigeria. Many children suffer from undernutrition, which weakens their immune systems and makes them more susceptible to infectious diseases. Insufficient access to quality food and poor infant and young child feeding practices contribute to the high prevalence of malnutrition.
- Infectious Diseases: Nigeria bears a significant burden of infectious diseases that affect children. Malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, and measles are among the primary causes of child mortality. Improving prevention measures, such as mosquito control, immunization, clean water, and sanitation, can help reduce the impact of these diseases.
- Government Efforts: The Nigerian government has taken steps to address child mortality. Initiatives like the National Strategic Health Development Plan, the Midwives Service Scheme, and the National Primary Health Care Development Agency aim to improve access to healthcare services, enhance immunization coverage, and promote maternal and child health.
- International Support: International organizations and development partners also collaborate with Nigeria to reduce child mortality. Efforts focus on improving healthcare infrastructure, training healthcare workers, strengthening immunization programs, and addressing malnutrition.
