Why a Political Coalition Might Fail in Nigeria
Introduction
Political coalitions are often formed in Nigeria to unite opposition parties or smaller political groups in a bid to challenge dominant parties and win elections. While coalitions have the potential to reshape the political landscape, many of them eventually collapse due to various internal and external factors. This article explores the key reasons why political coalitions might fail in Nigeria.
1. Ideological Differences and Lack of Shared Vision
Many political coalitions in Nigeria are formed out of necessity rather than shared ideology or vision. Political parties with conflicting policies and priorities often come together to defeat a common opponent but struggle to govern effectively once they gain power. The absence of a unified policy direction weakens the coalition and leads to internal strife. It is important to note that this was the case with the PDP in the last elections, The squabble between Wike and Atiku was never settled over regional zoning for power
2. Leadership Struggles and Power Tussles
One of the major reasons coalitions fail is the inability to agree on leadership positions. The fight over who becomes the presidential candidate, key ministerial appointments, or control over party structures often leads to fragmentation. If coalition partners cannot agree on power-sharing arrangements, the alliance is likely to disintegrate.
3. Betrayal and Lack of Trust Among Members
Nigerian politics is characterized by frequent defections and shifting alliances. Coalition partners may enter into agreements with hidden motives, only to abandon the coalition when personal or political interests are not met. The lack of trust among members weakens the coalition and often leads to its collapse.I spoke to a political analyst recently that confirmed to me that there will be no opposition because these crop of politicians especially those now moving to the SDP will have divisions.
4. External Interference and Sabotage
Strong ruling parties often exploit divisions within coalitions to weaken or break them apart. Through financial inducements, political appointments, or legal maneuvers, dominant parties can lure key coalition members away, causing instability within the alliance. Political actors in Nigeria have a history of using divide-and-rule tactics to destabilize opposition coalitions.
5. Absence of Legal Framework for Coalition Governance
Unlike some advanced democracies, Nigeria does not have a well-defined legal framework guiding coalition governance. This creates uncertainty about how coalitions should function, distribute power, or resolve disputes. Without clear legal backing, coalitions often become unstable and short-lived.
6. Ethnic and Regional Divisions
Nigeria’s political landscape is deeply influenced by ethnic and regional considerations. Coalitions often struggle to balance the interests of different ethnic groups, leading to accusations of marginalization or favoritism. When a coalition fails to address the concerns of all regions equitably, it risks disintegration.
7. Financial Disputes and Resource Allocation
Elections in Nigeria are expensive, and coalitions require significant funding to operate effectively. Disagreements over the control and distribution of financial resources can lead to resentment among coalition partners. If smaller parties feel sidelined in financial decisions, they may withdraw from the coalition.
8. Poor Conflict Resolution Mechanisms
Political coalitions in Nigeria often lack effective mechanisms to resolve internal conflicts. When disagreements arise, there is rarely a neutral body to mediate disputes. Without strong conflict resolution structures, minor disagreements can escalate, leading to the collapse of the coalition.The recent challenges in the Labour Party and PDP affirms this point.
Conclusion
While political coalitions in Nigeria can be effective in challenging dominant parties and promoting democracy, their success depends on trust, shared vision, and effective governance structures. Without these, coalitions are likely to fail due to internal conflicts, external pressures, and power struggles. For a coalition to succeed, members must prioritize national interest over personal ambitions and build institutions that promote stability and unity.
